Introdution: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains one of the most complex and unresolved aspects of ischemic heart disease that the impact of percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION (PCI) on improvement of intensity of ischemic mitral regurgitation is not well clarified. Patients with coronary artery diseases and ischemic mitral regurgitation have a worse prognosis than the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and those without ischemic mitral regurgitation. We sought to investigate the impact of complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION PCI on improvement of IMR in patients with CAD and comparisons of echocardiography indices in patients with and without improvement of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Methods: In this cross sectional retrospective study, echocardiographic reports in pre-percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION time and 12 months after PCI of patients with moderate (≥ 2+) ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent complete revascularization by percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION from Farvardin 1391 to Esfand 1393 were included in the study. Then, echocardiographic data of the patients with improved ischemic mitral regurgitation compared with the patients with non-improved ischemic mitral regurgitation. Results: Comparison of echocardiographic indices before and after percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION revealed that after percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION (P = 0. 002) in 15 patients (16%), improvement in ischemic mitral regurgitation was occurred. Also, left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0. 010), left ventricular end-diastolic (P = 0. 003) and end-systolic diameters (P < 0. 001), wall motion score index (P = 0. 003), left atrial area (P = 0. 001) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0. 046) in pre-percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION echocardiography were different between improved and none-improved IMR group. Conclusion: Although, percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION can lead to improvement of ischemic mitral regurgitation but most patients did not show improvement of ischemic mitral regurgitation after percutaneous coronary INTERVENTION. The structural abnormality of left ventricle and atrium were different between improved and none-improved IMR group.

There have been different views on the extent of the INTERVENTION of the GOVERNMENTs, and even the GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION itself, in culture. Different schools, on the basis of their own definitions of culture (from limiting culture to art at one end of the spectrum to considering it as a macro or omnipresent entity at the other end) and those of GOVERNMENT (from a minimal view of the GOVERNMENT on one side of the spectrum to a maximum one on the other side) have taken special positions on this issue. This study is an attempt to answer the question of ‘what is the extent of the INTERVENTION of a religious GOVERNMENT in culture? ’ In this research, documentary method has been adopted to study the concepts, background of the research, and the theoretical studies. Then, through descriptive-analytical method, the limits of the INTERVENTION of the religious GOVERNMENT in three levels of supervision, support, and being in charge in the areas of (1) economy of culture, (2) implementation of the cultural affairs, and (3) rights of culture (policy making, legislation, and making regulations on culture have been explained. Under normal circumstances, in the field of the economy of culture, only supervision is approved, while in implementation of cultural affairs, only being in charge is not approved. Of course, in abnormal conditions (lack of the realization of public interests), the findings are different as they have been mentioned in the summary section. In the field of cultural rights, the level of oversight and support is approved and in the level of being in charge in macro-policy-making and legislation, they should be done in terms of social inclination, and in micro-policy-making and regulations, they should be done with the participation of other beneficiaries.

At first, the economic efficiency has been brought up in economics and then developed as a superior normative purpose and value in another areas such as law. Accordingly, many areas including the free market, the contracts and their related laws have been formed with regard to this normative purpose and its implications and are going to obtain the most interests and achievements, while they spend the least level of resources. emphasizing the assumptions such as existence of full competition in the market and full information and rationality of the parties, the classic economists believe that market performs its role without GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION and achieves economic efficiency. But, incorrectness of classic economics assumptions and failure of the free market, the contracts and the law governing them, proved failure. Therefore, with regard to importance of the economic efficiency, it must obtained by another way. It is exactly the GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION in the contracts throgh some rules of the nature of public law; a method which is subject of criticism. Of course, its negative effects are reduciable and therefore economic efficiency in the contracts can be achieved throgh the GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION. In this article, different viewpoints about the issue will be discussed.

The issue of the position of GOVERNMENT and its role in economy has been debated by economists and scholars of various economic academies since the creation of economical knowledge. Since foretime especially in recent decades Muslim scholars have studied different aspects of this issue. In this paper the role of GOVERNMENT in economy from the perspective of Muslim scholars would be examined. The viewpoint of lbnKhaldun, martyr Sadr, Motahari, Beheshti and Imam khomeini (RA) has been studied. The basis of Islamic GOVERNMENT in the economy is expedient and the purpose of expediency is providing legislator target in order to make people to achieve worldly and otherworldly benefits. Therefore, development of idealism, creation and security expansion, economic growth and social justice are factors in which the Islamic GOVERNMENT intervenes in order to realize them in economic affairs. This is reflected in the ideas being discussed. By a brief reflection on the works of thinkers we come to the conclusion that though they would believe the GOVERNMENT is kind of human made phenomenon and consider to fallible rulers, they would never hesitate in necessity of GOVERNMENT. In fact there are different approaches regarding the origin of legitimation and GOVERNMENT obedience and political obligatory issue but most of scholars are fond of creating welfare and justice on morality and freedom.

This study has tried to investigate the GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION in Chiken meat market and the effect of this INTERVENTION with usage of fluid correlated markets. Thus the effect of four policy groups have been simulated that are "increasing the price of chiken meat", "varying the price of meal", "varying the price of broiler chicks", "varying the price of corn". The results show that increasing the price of Chiken by 1%, will cause its production to increase.13% and its demand to decrease by.58%. Furthermore, increasing the price of meal by 1% will cause the hen meat to increase.56% and this issue will cause its demand to decrease.32% Increasing the corn price by 1%, will increase the end price of hen meat by.86% and will decrease its consumption.5%. Increasing the price of broiler chicks by 1%, will cause the end price of hen meat to increase.9% and decrease demand up to.53%.

The demand for green products has increased in the past few years due to the heightened awareness of environmental issues and the increasing use of green products by consumers. Thus, choosing the best strategy for green product manufacturers is essential. At the same time, producers and retailers are likely to have their decisions influenced by GOVERNMENT actions. In this study, we attempt to determine the product's price and greenness within two competitive supply chains. The study investigates the pricing of two substitutable and green products in which each supply chain produces a green product. Using Nash and Stackelberg Game models, we determine how supply chains and their members interact. A Nash model involves two competing supply chains with equal power, within each supply chain, however, there is a Stackelberg competition between the retailer and the manufacturer. The Stackelberg model assumes that one of the supply chains is the market leader. The results show that with increasing GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION (GOVERNMENT's adjustment factor and green level floor for subsidies), regardless of Nash or Stackelberg structures, the green level of the product will increase, and wholesale and retail prices will decrease. Additionally, the price changes in the retailer-Stackelberg structure are greater than those in the manufacturer-Stackelberg structure. Also, by bearing the greenness cost by the manufacturer or retailer, companies can positively impact their profits as well as the level of greenness in their products. When the manufacturer makes an investment in greenness, the retailer and consumer benefit from it, and ultimately become the main force behind the development of green products.

GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION is one of the significant issues in economics. Hence, the study of the effects of GOVERNMENT behavior on market is a very necessary issue. The question that arises regarding dramatic arts is whether GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION has been effective in increasing efficiency of theater? The present article is an attempt to study the effect of GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION on efficiency of production and the optimum border of GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION in theater production. Linear, inverse U, and threshold specifications were used for the analysis of the data garnered from 120 plays produced in Tehran. The data for this research were collected by a reliable questionnaire based on test-retest approach. The threshold level results indicate that in most cases GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION has been more than optimum level and has reduced the efficiency of theater production. The results of linear specifications and inverse U are either negative and significant or insignificant. In sum, although these results do not prescribe lack of GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, they suggest that the GOVERNMENT pays more attention to the impacts of its INTERVENTIONs. Moreover, the GOVERNMENT in each INTERVENTION should take into consideration the border of effective INTERVENTION